Here is the candle production raw materials and selection principle: CANDLE MAKING WAXES Paraffin wax comes in different melting points. The type of candle you are making will determine which melting point to buy. Paraffin is a petroleum by-product. It contains oil. The lower the melting temperature of the paraffin, the more oil content in the wax. You want low melt point wax for container candles, and higher melt point wax for moulded free-standing candles. Use the highest melt point wax for taper candles Container Wax 54 degrees C (125-138 degrees Fahrenheit) or lower. Use when you want your poured candle to stay in its container,i.e.. glass, tin, pot etc. This wax burns the longest in the container type candles because of its higher oil content. It melts first, then burns off. Mould Wax 56-62 degrees C (139-143 Fah). It has less oil in it. The freestanding candle doesn't drip as it would if the wax melted at a lower temperature. Less oil in the wax also means it is firmer and retains its moulded shape well. Dipping Wax 62 degrees C (145 Fah). This is the wax you use for making taper candles. It adheres to itself, so each dip will build upon the last to form the tapered candle. This wax can also be used as an overdip for pillar candles, to help them be drip free- or to seal pressed flowers that have been glued to the pillar candle. WICK FOR CANDLE Wicks come in different types and sizes. You will usually find small, medium and large (diameter measure) for each of the following types. Use one size higher for each 5 cm (2 inches) of candle diameter for long burning, drip reduced, non smoking candles. The relationship of the wick to the wax type and container or mould size/type is important for getting a long burning candle. Use a fatter wick for larger candles or for candles made from long burning wax, like beeswax or paraffin with hardening additives in it. When using flat braid wick, place the wick in your candles with the nap or grain of the braid down ('v' up open at the top). If you wick a candle with the grain of the braid going from bottom to top (the wrong way) when the candle burns it will develop a carbonized ball on it, and that will smoke and burn unevenly. Don't worry about wick direction with paper core or metal core wicking. It is important that you match the type of wick to the type of candle you are making: Flat Braid - Looks like it sounds. It has a decorative appearance, and can be used for most candles but it tends to flop over and drown itself in your candle during burning. This kind of wick is mostly used for taper candles. Square Braid - Has a more sturdy structure. Use in moulded candles, container candles and dipped candles. Metal Core - Zinc or Lead. Use for small container candles and votives or tea lights, tiny terra cotta pots. Paper Core - Use for small container candles too. They may smoke more than a metal core wick.
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